seek common ground while preserving differences

The idiom 求同存异 (qiú tóng cún yì) is commonly translated as "seek common ground while preserving differences." It reflects a principle deeply rooted in Chinese philosophical thinking and is still widely applied today—in diplomacy, education, and interpersonal relationships.

Translated word for word, it is:

• 求 (qiú): to seek, to strive for
• 同 (tóng): sameness, commonality, agreement
• 存 (cún): to preserve, to retain
• 异 (yì): difference, divergence

The phrase is often traced back to the modern period, particularly the 1950s, when Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai used it to guide China's approach to international relations. During conferences with countries that had very different political systems and ideologies, Zhou emphasized the need to find shared goals rather than dwell on differences. This pragmatic stance allowed for cooperation and dialogue despite ideological rifts, especially during the Bandung Conference in 1955. However, the values behind the idiom have much older philosophical origins.

In Confucianism, harmony (hé, 和) is a key concept... not uniformity, but balance among diverse parts. The Book of Rites (Liji) notes that true harmony arises when differences are brought together skillfully. Similarly, Daoist philosophy accepts contradiction as natural. The Zhuangzi celebrates paradox and finds wisdom in embracing differing viewpoints.

This idiom expresses a distinctively Chinese approach to conflict: "prioritize shared interests, allow space for diversity, and avoid forcing uniformity". This mindset contrasts with more adversarial frameworks that demand consensus before action.

In contemporary China, the idiom continues to play a diplomatic role. It suggests that cooperation is possible even between nations or people with different values, as long as there is mutual respect and a willingness to focus on shared goals. It also has personal relevance. In families, friendships, or organizations, it encourages individuals to work together constructively, acknowledging differences without allowing them to derail the relationship.

Whether applied to global negotiations or everyday disagreements, 求同存异 offers a calm, respectful strategy: agree where you can, and don't let the differences prevent progress. It’s not about erasing disagreement, it's about choosing peace over division.