虎落平阳被犬欺
(hǔ luò píng yáng bèi quǎn qī)
"When a tiger falls to the flatlands,
even dogs will bully it."

The commonly used Chinese idiom 虎落平阳被犬欺 (hǔ luò píng yáng bèi quǎn qī), which can be translated as "When a tiger falls to the flatlands, even dogs will bully it." This vivid expression reflects the idea that when someone powerful loses their position or influence, they may face disrespect or mistreatment from those who would not dare challenge them otherwise.

Origin and Background

The idiom likely originates from ancient Chinese folklore and the cultural symbolism of the tiger. In Chinese culture, the tiger represents strength, authority, and fearlessness. However, in the idiom, the tiger has lost its advantage—the high mountains where it reigns supreme—and is left vulnerable on the open plains (平阳, píng yáng). Stripped of its status, even lesser creatures, like dogs, have the audacity to harass it.

Although there is no definitive historical text that first used this phrase, it has appeared in classical Chinese literature and proverbs for centuries. The concept is metaphorical, applying not only to individuals but also to fallen kingdoms, once-prosperous families, or powerful leaders facing misfortune.

Daoist Philosophy

The Daoist philosophy expressed in the text "Zhuangzi" resonates with the deeper message behind 虎落平阳被犬欺. Zhuangzi famously wrote, “It is better to sit next to a quiet stream than to be emperor of the whole world,” emphasizing the transient and often burdensome nature of worldly power. Just as the tiger in the idiom is vulnerable once removed from its natural domain, Zhuangzi suggests that the pursuit of authority and status exposes individuals to external forces beyond their control. In contrast, Daoism advocates for simplicity, harmony with nature, and contentment in one’s natural state. By eschewing the desire for dominance and instead embracing inner peace, one can avoid the inevitable struggles and humiliation that come with clinging to impermanent power. The wisdom of Zhuangzi serves as a reminder that true strength lies not in external achievements but in the ability to find balance and serenity within oneself, regardless of external circumstances.

Interpretation and Usage

This idiom serves as a cautionary tale about the fleeting nature of power and status. It reminds people of the harsh realities that can follow a fall from grace, as well as the opportunistic nature of others who might take advantage of someone's misfortune. It can also highlight the importance of resilience and adaptability when facing adversity.

In modern contexts, 虎落平阳被犬欺 might describe a situation where a once-successful businessperson struggles after bankruptcy or a celebrated athlete faces ridicule after losing their form. It is often used to evoke sympathy for the individual and disdain for those who mock or exploit the vulnerable.

Like many Chinese idioms, this one is rich in imagery and carries a timeless lesson about the dynamics of power and human behavior.

—Qi Journal